Links and transitions are like bridges and signs that connect your ideas. They help people reading or listening to your words follow your thoughts. To communicate well, you must link your ideas in a logical way. These are some phrases to help you link your ideas better when you speak and write.

When you write, it is important to use paragraphs. Paragraphs make your writing easier to understand. A reader can follow your ideas when you divide them up into paragraphs. Your writing will be more organised and have better structure when you use paragraphs.

What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of sentences about one topic. We show a paragraph in two different ways using space:

1. with an indent (putting space at the beginning of the paragraph; or
2. with a line between paragraphs.

Capital lettersAll English letters have a big (大文字、頭文字) and a small (小文字) version. We use them differently in spelling. These big and small letters have a few different names:

• upper case and lower case letters;
• big and small letters; and
• capital and little letters.

If we talk about the picture on the right, we can describe it like this:

• "There is an upper case 'A' and a lower case 'a'. Under that, there is an upper case 'Z' and a lower case 'z'."; or
• "There is a big 'A' and a small 'a'. Underneath that, there is a big 'Z' and a small 'z'."; or
• "There is a capital 'A' and a little 'a'. Beneath that, there is a capital 'A' and a little 'z'.".